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Northeast India is the eastern-most region of India. It is connected to East India via a narrow corridor squeezed between independent nations of Bhutan and Bangladesh. It comprises the contiguous Seven Sister States (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura), plus the Himalayan state of Sikkim, and Jalpaiguri Division. Except for the Goalpara region of Assam, the rest did not become part of political India until the 19th century and later. The Brahmaputra valley area of Assam became a part of British India in 1824, with the hill regions annexed later. Sikkim was annexed to the Indian union through a referendum in 1975; it was recognized as part of Northeast India in the 1990s. Northeast India is generally considered to be a backward enclave in a progressing economy〔Hiranya K. Nath. '' "The Rise of an Enclave Economy" India's Northeast: Development Issues in a Historical Perspective'' (First ed). Ed. Alokesh Barua. New Delhi, India: Manohar - Centre De Sciences Humaines, 2005.〕 and one of the most challenging regions of the country to govern. It has been the site of separatist movements among the tribal peoples, who speak languages related to Tibeto-Burman. Northeast India constitutes about 8% of India's size; roughly 3/4th the size of the state of Maharashtra. Its population is approximately 40 million (2011 census), 3.1% of the total Indian population; roughly equal to that of Odisha. The Siliguri Corridor in West Bengal, with a width of ,〔 connects the North Eastern region with the main part of India. The region shares more than of international border (about 90 per cent of its entire border area) with China (southern Tibet) in the north, Myanmar in the east, Bangladesh in the southwest, and Bhutan to the northwest.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=North East India international border )〕 The states are officially recognised under the North Eastern Council (NEC),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=North Eastern Council )〕 constituted in 1971 as the acting agency for the development of the eight states. The North Eastern Development Finance Corporation Ltd (NEDFi)〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=North East Development Finance Corporation Ltd. )〕 was incorporated on 9 August 1995 and the Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region (DoNER)〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region (DoNER) )〕 was set up in September 2001. ==History== The earliest settlers were Austro-Asiatic speakers,〔"The first group of migrants to settle in this part of the country is perhaps the Austro-Asiatic language speaking people who came here from South-East Asia a few millennia before Christ." 〕 followed by Tibeto-Burmese〔"The second group of migrants came to Assam from the north, north-east and east. They are mostly the Tibeto-Burman language speaking people" 〕 and lastly by Indo-Aryans.〔"From about the fifth century before Christ, there started a trickle of migration of the people speaking Indo-Aryan language from the Gangetic plain." 〕 Due to the bio- and crop diversity of the region, archaeological researchers believe that early settlers of Northeast India had domesticated several important plants.〔Hazarika, M. 2006 "Neolithic Culture of Northeast India: A Recent Perspective on the Origins of Pottery and Agriculture." ''Ancient Asia'', 1, 〕 Writers believe that the 100 BC writings of Chinese explorer, Zhang Qian indicate an early trade route via Northeast India.〔"Chang K'ien had clearly realized the existence of a trade route between Sichuan and India via Yunnan and Burma or Assam" 〕 The ''Periplus of the Erythraean Sea'' mention a people called Sêsatai in the region,〔''Besatae'' in the Schoff translation and also sometimes used by Ptolemy, they are a people similar to Kirradai and they lived in the region between "Assam and Sichuan" 〕 who produced malabathron, so prized in the old world. In the early historical period (most of first millennium), Kamarupa straddled most of present-day Northeast India, besides Bhutan and Sylhet in Bangladesh. Xuanzang, a traveling Chinese Buddhist monk, visited Kamarupa in the 7th century. He described the people as "short in stature and black-looking", whose speech differed a little from mid-India and who were of simple but violent disposition. He wrote that the people in Kamarupa knew of Sichuan, which lay to the kingdom's east beyond a treacherous mountain. For many of the tribal peoples, their primary identification is with subtribes and villages, which have distinct dialects and cultures. The northeastern states were established during the British Raj of the 19th and early 20th centuries, when they became relatively isolated from traditional trading partners such as Bhutan and Myanmar.〔Baruah, Sanjib (2004), ''Between South and Southeast Asia Northeast India and Look East Policy'', Ceniseas Paper 4, Guwahati〕 Many of the peoples in present-day Mizoram and Manipur converted to Christianity under the influence of missionaries. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Northeast India」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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